International Journal of Future Engineering Innovations  |  ISSN: 3049-1215  |  Double-Blind Peer Review  |  Open Access  |  CC BY 4.0

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     2026:3/3

International Journal of Future Engineering Innovations

ISSN: (Print) | 3049-1215 (Online) | Impact Factor: 8.25 | Open Access

Evaluating the Air Quality Index Using Sentinel-5P and GIS-Based IDW Interpolation with Fuzzy AHP Over Kirkuk Governorate in June 2025

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Abstract

One of the key issues related to the environment in terms of human health and sustainable development in urban and industrial areas is air pollution. The purpose of this research is to approximate the Air Quality Index (AQI) in Kirkuk Governorate based on satellite remote sensing data on Sentinel-5P and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Six atmospheric pollutants such as methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were examined. The point features were created to take care of missing values and gaps between spatial features of the raster datasets retrieved by Sentinel-5P. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation was used to come up with continuous pollutant concentration surfaces. The relative weight of each pollutant in the estimation of AQI was identified using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP). The end weighted AQI map gives a complete spatial coverage of air quality conditions in Kirkuk Governorate. The last Air Quality Index (AQI) map will categorize the study region to two major air quality classes. The analysis indicates that the area has only 33.25 km2 (3.05%) of area with acceptable air quality, with most of the area, 1057.68 km2 (96.95%), being poor or unhealthy. These results show that a large part of the territory of the study is under the influence of massive air pollution deterioration.

How to Cite This Article

Hiba M Sami (2026). Evaluating the Air Quality Index Using Sentinel-5P and GIS-Based IDW Interpolation with Fuzzy AHP Over Kirkuk Governorate in June 2025 . International Journal of Future Engineering Innovations (IJFEI), 3(3), 45-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/IJFEI.2026.3.3.45-52

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