Construction machinery operators are frequently exposed to low-frequency and multi-directional vibration generated by uneven terrain, tire–soil interaction, vibrating drums, powertrain excitation, and working attachments. These vibration sources are transmitted to the cab through the vehicle frame and cab mounting system, affecting ride comfort, operational accuracy, and long-term occupational health. Rubber isolation mounts remain widely used in construction machinery cabs because of their simple structure, low cost, compact layout, and robustness under harsh working environments. However, their vibration isolation performance is strongly governed by dynamic stiffness, damping, preload, excitation frequency, vibration amplitude, temperature, aging, and installation layout. Therefore, rubber mounts should not be treated as ideal linear spring–damper elements in the design of cab isolation systems. This review summarizes the dynamic characteristics, modeling methods, experimental identification, and optimal design strategies of rubber vibration isolation mounts for construction machinery cabs. Particular attention is paid to vibratory rollers and earth-moving machinery, where cab low-frequency shaking and whole-body vibration are critical issues. Previous studies show that optimized rubber mounts can improve ride comfort, but their low damping and high dynamic stiffness often limit performance in the low-frequency range. Recent developments therefore combine rubber mounts with hydraulic damping, pneumatic elements, semi-active control, and multi-objective optimization. Finally, the review identifies research gaps related to nonlinear rubber characterization, multi-directional cab vibration, terrain-dependent excitation, experimental validation, and integrated optimization. The review provides a technical basis for the future design of rubber isolation mounts for construction machinery cab.