Smelting of gold is one of the most significant and oldest metallurgical processes in human history, and in Ghana, a major contributor to gold production in Africa, it is a major process for thousands of small and artisanal miners (galamsey operators), contributing to the nation's annual production. Ghana's traditional small-scale gold smelting involves the use of both technological and non-technological methods, such as improvised furnaces, hand-held crucibles, the use of simple flux, and the casting of gold into iron ingot moulds, a process that is not well documented in the academic literature due to its economic importance despite significant environmental and occupational health concerns. This article records and analyses the steps involved in the smelting process of small-scale gold miners in the traditional gold mining regions of Ghana, from the point of collecting the gold ores, dust, flakes, and grains to ore preparation, charging of the furnace, fluxing, smelting, removal of the smelting slag, casting, acid pickling, and production of gold bars. The article also explores the main problems of the small-scale smelters, such as equipment restrictions, flux management, mercury pollution, occupational health hazards, and limitations on product purity. The study is based on fieldwork observation, practitioner interviews, and literature review on artisanal and small-scale mining in Ghana and will provide a holistic and practically informed description of an aspect of Ghana's gold sector which has been little studied.